Sciatica

What is sciatica?

Sciatica, also known as lumbar radiculopathy, is a pain that originates along the sciatic nerve, which extends from the back of the pelvis down the back of the thigh. The sciatic nerve is the primary nerve of the leg. It is also the largest nerve in the entire body.

What causes sciatica?

Usually, sciatica is caused by a herniated disk in the spine that presses on the sciatic nerve. Other causes that may put pressure on the sciatic nerve may include the following:

• Tumor

• Abscess

• Blood clot

• Awkward sitting position

• Any nerve disorders

Sometimes, a cause of the sciatica cannot be identified.

What are the symptoms of sciatica?

The following are the most common symptoms of sciatica. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• Lower back pain that radiates down the buttock and back of one thigh

• Pain that extends from the buttock down to the foot

• Numbness (in severe cases)

• Weakness (in severe cases)

The symptoms of sciatica may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult a physician for a diagnosis.

How is sciatica diagnosed?

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for sciatica may include the following:

• X-ray - a diagnostic test that uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - is a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radio frequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.

• Electromyography/nerve conduction study (EMG/NCS) - a diagnostic procedure conducted together that records and analyzes electrical impulses in the muscles. During the EMG, thin needles are placed in the muscle to record electrical activity. The NCS is often done along with the EMG to determine if a nerve is functioning normally. Electrodes are then placed on the skin along the nerve pathway in various locations. When stimulating the nerve at various places, the doctor can then determine the specific site of the injury.

Treatment for sciatica

Specific treatment for sciatica will be determined by your physician based on:

• Your age, overall health, and medical history

• Extent of the disease

• Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures or therapies

• Expectations for the course of the disease

• Your opinion or preference

Sciatica usually heals on its own with rest and time. To help relieve the pain, treatment may include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications

• Heat or cold applications to the sore muscles

• Keep your body in motion (to minimize inflammation)

• Surgery (to repair the herniated disk; if the condition persists)